Much work has been done on urban development in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). The GMS Urban Strategy document clearly sets out three areas of focus and describes the cross-cutting theme of competitiveness. Given the experience on a range of projects in the intervening years, it is timely to consider potential strategies, and institutional and funding models, which could further enhance the competitiveness of the region. This paper seeks to canvass such strategies and models. [ADB Southeast Asia Working Paper Series]